{"data":[{"source":"bio.acousti.ca","id":"57296","type":"article","title":"Remarkably loud snaps during mouth-fighting by a sponge-dwelling worm","author":"Goto, Ryutaro; Hirabayashi, Isao; Palmer, A. Richard","editor":null,"year":"2019","month":null,"journal":"Current Biology","booktitle":null,"series":null,"howpublished":null,"volume":"29","number":"13","pages":"R617 - R618","chapter":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"organization":null,"institution":null,"school":null,"address":null,"type_of_work":null,"note":null,"isbn":null,"issn":"09609822","doi":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.05.047","url":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0960982219306177","attachments":"https:\/\/bio.acousti.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/PIIS0960982219306177.pdf","keywords":null,"abstract":"Many aquatic animals, including mammals, fishes, crustaceans and insects, produce loud sounds underwater 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Soft-bodied worms would seem unlikely to produce a loud snap or pop because such brief, intense sounds normally require extreme movements and sophisticated energy storage and release mechanisms [5]. Surprisingly, we discovered a segmented marine worm that makes loud popping sounds during a highly stereotyped intraspecific agonistic behavior we call \u2018mouth fighting\u2019. These sounds \u2014 sound pressures up to 157 dB re 1 \u03bcPa at 1 m, with frequencies in the 1\u2013100 kHz range and a strong signal at \u223c6.9 kHz \u2014 are comparable to those made by snapping shrimps, which are among the most intense biological sounds that have been measured in the sea [6]. We suggest a novel mechanism for generating ultrafast movements and loud sounds in a soft-bodied animal: thick, muscular pharyngeal walls appear to allow energy storage and cocking; this permits extremely rapid expansion of the pharynx within the worm\u2019s body during the strike, which yields an intense popping sound (likely via cavitation) and a rapid influx of water. Clearly, even soft-bodied marine invertebrates can produce remarkably loud sounds underwater. How they do so remains an intriguing biomechanical puzzle that hints at a new type of extreme biology.","type_name":"Journal Article","journal_abbreviation":"Current Biology","pmid":null,"info_url":"https:\/\/bio.acousti.ca\/node\/57296"}]}