{"data":[{"source":"bio.acousti.ca","id":"57949","type":"article","title":"Mechanical basis of otoacoustic emissions in tympanal hearing organs","author":"M\u00f6ckel, Doreen; Nowotny, Manuela; K\u00f6ssl, Manfred","editor":null,"year":"2014","month":null,"journal":null,"booktitle":null,"series":null,"howpublished":null,"volume":null,"number":null,"pages":null,"chapter":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"organization":null,"institution":null,"school":null,"address":null,"type_of_work":null,"note":null,"isbn":null,"issn":null,"doi":"10.1007\/s00359-014-0914-2","url":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00359-014-0914-2","attachments":"https:\/\/bio.acousti.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/Mechanical_basis_of_otoacoustic_emission.pdf","keywords":"DPOAE; Insect; laser Doppler vibrometry; locust; tympanum","abstract":"Tympanal hearing organs of insects emit dis- tortion\u2013product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAes), which in mammals are used as indicator for nonlinear cochlear amplification, and which are highly vulnerable to manipu- lations interfering with the animal\u2019s physiological state. Although in previous studies, evidence was provided for the involvement of auditory mechanoreceptors, the source of DPOAe generation and possible active mechanisms in tympanal organs remained unknown. Using laser Dop- pler vibrometry in the locust ear, we show that DPOAes mechanically emerge at the tympanum region where the auditory mechanoreceptors are attached. Those emission- coupled vibrations differed remarkably from tympanum waves evoked by external pure tones of the same frequency, in terms of wave propagation, energy distribution, and loca- tion of amplitude maxima. Selective inactivation of the auditory receptor cells by mechanical lesions did not affect the tympanum\u2019s response to external pure tones, but abol- ished the emission\u2019s displacement amplitude peak. These findings provide evidence that tympanal auditory recep- tors, comparable to the situation in mammals, comprise the required nonlinear response characteristics, which during two-tone stimulation lead to additional, highly localized deflections of the tympanum.","type_name":"Journal Article","journal_abbreviation":null,"pmid":null,"info_url":"https:\/\/bio.acousti.ca\/node\/57949"}]}